Association Actions (Verbandsklage) enforced by consumer protection associations under the Unfair Competition Act and Consumer Protection Act are currently most common. With the implementation of the new collective redress regime claims for damages and data protection will likely increase.
Existing mechanisms
New mechanism according to the Collective Action Directive
In addition to the existing possibilities, the new Acts implementing the Collective Action Directive (Verbandsklagen) provide for redress actions. "Qualified Entities" (mainly specific consumer protection associations and some state bodies) may file representative actions, provided that affected consumers have opted-in:
With the possibility of redress action, the new mechanism of collective enforcement according to the Collective Action Directive goes beyond the classic association action described above.
Redress action, class action and model lawsuits are opt-in actions.
Yes, the class action has that effect, even though the consumers usually do not sue in their own name, but rather assign their claims to a single association or SPV who then files the action.
The following forms of relief can be requested depending on the nature of the claim: performance (e.g. compensation, repair, replace, refund, publication of judgment), declaratory relief or an injunction. Claims for omission and publication of the judgment might also be asserted.
There are no punitive damages.
Yes. Only in case of the association action and the representative actions the law specifically stipulates which bodies may file which action, the relevant bodies which may bring association claims are listed in the Austrian Consumer Protection Act. Bodies that may file representative actions are named in the new Acts implementing the Collective Action Directive or will be approved as qualified bodies upon request.
The Austrian Consumer Protection Act does not state whether the bodies listed therein may bring cross-border association actions to court. However, it does provide that certain bodies of other Member States may file such claim in Austria, if (a) the origin of the infringement is in Austria, (b) the purpose of the statutes justifies the action and (c) the interests protected by the body are affected in this Member State. These bodies must have been designated by a Member State to bring cross-border representative actions pursuant to Art 5 of the Collective Action Directive.
The new Acts implementing the Collective Action Directive expressly name certain Austrian qualified bodies that can file cross-border claims in course of representative actions (Austrian Chamber of Commerce, Chamber of Labour Law).
Yes, third party funding is permitted for class actions and representative actions under the new Acts implementing the Collective Action Directive.
Yes, funding by litigation funders is permitted, since they are no professional legal representatives and such agreements do not constitute a violation of the prohibition on “quota-litis agreements”. Lawyers however cannot work on a contingency fee basis. Moreover, with regard to representative actions under the new Acts implementing the Collective Action Directive, the litigation funder may neither be a competitor of the defendant company nor economically or legally dependent on it to avoid conflicts of interest. Litigation funders may also not exert undue influence on the representative proceedings.
Yes, but law firms have to adhere to strict professional requirements which prohibit aggressive advertisements.
In Austrian-style class action proceedings, consumers can choose whether to be bound but must let the claimant know prior to the settlement. In representative actions consumers have in principle no participation right. However, with regard to the new redress action, joined consumers are automatically bound to the settlement approved by the court. This does however not apply to out-of-court settlements. Settlements based on association actions, model lawsuits and declaratory proceedings are in contrast only binding for the parties. They therefore do not provide for the possibility to settle actions on a collective basis.
Only if the claimant has requested publication of the judgement.
If a party does not comply the claimant enforces its rights by a separate enforcement action. A penalty is only imposed by the court in the case of non-compliance with a request of an imposed action or omission.
With thanks to our friends at Dorda. Please contact Dr Axel Anderl, [email protected]
The Collective Redress Directive must be implemented in all EU member states by 25 December 2022. To find out more about the current progress of implementation of the Directive in this jurisdiction click here.